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| Truncates the right part of a string or buffer. |
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| Returns a specific string (or a buffer) to the client browser in response to a request. |
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Returns:- the length of a string, i.e., the number of characters in the string (including spaces and binary zeros).
- the size of a buffer, i.e., the number of bytes in the buffer.
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Extracts: - a substring from a string starting at a specified position.
- part of a buffer starting at a specified position.
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| Extracts the last characters from a string or string buffer. |
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| Extracts the left part (i.e., the first characters) from a string or buffer. |
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